Farming: How Anaerobic Digestion can benefit you*
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Although Anaerobic Digestion has been around for decades, many farmers have not heard of it. This article looks at both the process and the main advantages of anaerobic digestion.
What is Anaerobic Digestion?
Anaerobic digestion is the process of fermenting organic
materials in a sealed tank without oxygen for a prolonged period of time.
Through doing this, two by-products are created: methane-rich gas (biogas) and a
nutrient-rich fertiliser (digestate).
The methane created by this process can be used to produce energy for either industrial or domestic purposes through powering a generator. Some sites even purify the methane, add propane and odoriser, and use the energy for cooking or heating in the home through pumping onto the National Grid.
What Plants to Use?
Plants with a high calorific value will extract the most methane during anaerobic digestion, so crops such as maize, grass silage, rapemeal and wheat are among the best crop to use. Food waste, slurry and manure can be used too, which gives the perfect opportunity to dispose of your waste in an efficient and environmentally-friendly way. This also prevents waste from filling up landfill.
Digestate
Digestate can be used as fertiliser and soil conditioner as it contains nitrogen and potassium, both being plant nutrients that can significantly improve growth. It is made from dead micro-organisms and remaining indigestible material during the anaerobic digestion process. It can be used straight from the digester or separated into liquor and fibre.
By using digestate instead of synthetic fertilisers, you can save energy, reduce your carbon footprint as well as decreasing fossil fuel consumption. As none of the potassium, phosphorous or nitrogen is present in the biogas after anaerobic digestion, all of these nutrients are present in the digestate.
Biogas
The variables that can make a difference to the yield of biogas differ depending on the feedstock you use (crop, waste, manure etc.), as well as the length of time left in the digester. The purity and the energy left in the feedstock will make a massive difference in the yield of biomass, so if your feedstock has been left in storage for a long amount of time it may have already started breaking down. This table shows the potential biogas yields of 22 feedstocks that are commonly used for anaerobic digestion.
What this Means for You
There are also many cost advantages that will benefit you directly including:
* First published 28 May 2015 here http://www.gtsnitrogenservices.co.uk/digesters-news/advice/farming-how-anaerobic-digestion-can-benefit-you/
[partially sourced from ReFocus magazine newsletter of 15 September 2015]
The methane created by this process can be used to produce energy for either industrial or domestic purposes through powering a generator. Some sites even purify the methane, add propane and odoriser, and use the energy for cooking or heating in the home through pumping onto the National Grid.
What Plants to Use?
Plants with a high calorific value will extract the most methane during anaerobic digestion, so crops such as maize, grass silage, rapemeal and wheat are among the best crop to use. Food waste, slurry and manure can be used too, which gives the perfect opportunity to dispose of your waste in an efficient and environmentally-friendly way. This also prevents waste from filling up landfill.
Digestate
Digestate can be used as fertiliser and soil conditioner as it contains nitrogen and potassium, both being plant nutrients that can significantly improve growth. It is made from dead micro-organisms and remaining indigestible material during the anaerobic digestion process. It can be used straight from the digester or separated into liquor and fibre.
By using digestate instead of synthetic fertilisers, you can save energy, reduce your carbon footprint as well as decreasing fossil fuel consumption. As none of the potassium, phosphorous or nitrogen is present in the biogas after anaerobic digestion, all of these nutrients are present in the digestate.
Biogas
Biogas can either be combusted to make heat and electricity, or as mentioned
earlier, can be purified and pumped into the mains gas grid or used as road
fuel. You can find more information on how to use biogas for heat only purposes,
electricity only purposes or to create combined energy at Biogas
Info.
The variables that can make a difference to the yield of biogas differ depending on the feedstock you use (crop, waste, manure etc.), as well as the length of time left in the digester. The purity and the energy left in the feedstock will make a massive difference in the yield of biomass, so if your feedstock has been left in storage for a long amount of time it may have already started breaking down. This table shows the potential biogas yields of 22 feedstocks that are commonly used for anaerobic digestion.
What this Means for You
There are many benefits to using anaerobic digestion as a means of waste
disposable and energy creation. Biomass helps to reduce fossil fuel use, and
decreases greenhouse gas emissions. This means that you are not only creating a
cost-efficient way of creating energy, but decreasing your carbon footprint and
helping the environment.
There are also many cost advantages that will benefit you directly including:
- Self-produced fertiliser
- Self-produced renewable fuel
- Additional income
- Reduction in landfill tax bills
- Reduction of slurry and waste storage
While this article was originally prepared for the UK scene, the same broad situation operates in Australia. Yes, some pig and dairy producers notably have embraced anaerobic digestion, and the CRC CARE in Adelaide is actively encouraging greater use, it has been very slow to develop more widely. Is there a role in the management of horticultural waste products eg mango fruit?
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| Modest sized generic anaerobic digestor system |
It does not necessarily interrupt development of composting, rather it is complementary.
One issue in Australia is that there is not usually the big winter demand for heating so common in Europe and N America, where heat from biogas can be easily used. however, where some co processing of food is done, then that heat can be used for water heating, space heating or similar to great advantage in cost reductions.
Or. like the landfill gas story in Australia, small scale electricity production is an option, for direct use or export to the grid.
FURTHER READING
You can find even more information on what anaerobic digestion means for farms and local communities in this article that appeared in Farming Futures.* First published 28 May 2015 here http://www.gtsnitrogenservices.co.uk/digesters-news/advice/farming-how-anaerobic-digestion-can-benefit-you/
[partially sourced from ReFocus magazine newsletter of 15 September 2015]
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